H OO / Association 

P55 P6 
opy 1 



THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 



OF 



PHILADELPHIA 




COMPLIMENTS OF THE 

Public Education Association 

OF 

Philadelphia 

February 1913 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



The Board of Public Education 3 

Department of Instruction 5 

Department of Buildings 6 

Department of Supplies 6 

Boards of School Visitors 7 

Office of the Secretary of the Board 7 

Finances 8 

Physical Plant 10 

Free Text-Books and Supplies 11 

Instruction .'. . 12 

Salary Schedule 13 

Teachers ' Eetirement Fnnd 14 

Normal Training Schools 15 

High Schools 16 

Trades Schools 17 

Elementary Schools 19 

Kindergartens 19 

Evening Schools 20 

Special Schools and Classes 21 

Medical Inspection 22 

Compulsory Attendance 24 

Music 25 

Drawing 26 

Manual .Training 26 

Household .Economy . 27 

Physical' Training 28 

Playgrounds 30 

School Gardens 31 

Social Centers 32 

Public Lectures 33 

Libraries 34 

School Lunches 35 

Directory 37 



THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 

OF 

PHILADELPHIA 



PUBLISHED BY THE 

Local Committee on Arrangements 

FOR THE 

Department of Superintendence of the 
National Education Association 

PHILADELPHIA 
February 24-March I, 1913 



gut 






'•JAUG f$ 



Organization of the Philadelphia School System 

Under the Code, passed May 18, 1911 



THE BOARD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION 

Number of members Fifteen. 

Appointed by Judges of Courts of Common Pleas. 

Term Six Years. 

Meetings Monthly. 

Duties and Powers 

(Code, Section 401) 

"The board of school directors in'*every school district 
in this Commonwealth shall establish, equip, furnish and 
maintain a sufficient number of elementary public schools 
in compliance with the provisions of this Act to educate 
every person residing in such district between the ages of 
six and twenty-one years who may attend, and may es- 
tablish, equip, furnish and maintain the following additional 
schools or departments for the education and recreation of 
persons residing in said district, which said additional 
schools or departments when established shall be an integral 
part of the public school system in such school district and 
shall be so administered, namely: 

"High Schools, Manual Training Schools, Vocational 
Schools, Domestic Science Schools, Agricultural Schools, 
Evening Schools, Kindergartens, Libraries, Reading Rooms, 
Museums, Gymnasiums, Playgrounds, Schools for Blind, Deaf 
and Mentally Deficient; Truant Schools, Parental Schools, 
Schools for Adults, Public Lectures; 

"Together with such other schools or educational depart- 
ments as they in their wisdom may see proper to establish." 



Officers of the Board 

President — Henry R. Edmunds. 
Vice-President — Simon Gratz. 
Secretary — William Dick. 
Assistant Secretary — Edward Merchant. 
292 City Hall. 

Superintendent of Schools — Martin G. Brumbaugh. 

695 City Hall. 

Superintendent of Buildings — J. Horace Cook. 

2242 Land Title Building. 

Superintendent of Supplies — Andrew F. Hammond. 

394 City Hall. 

School Treasurer — Murrell Dobbins. 
School Controller — John M. Walton. 
Receiver of School Taxes — Hugh Black. 
Solicitor — John G. Johnson. 
Assistant Solicitor — Edward Merchant. 



Standing Committees 

Elementary Schools. 

Special Schools. 

Normal School, High Schools for Girls, and Qualification 

of Teachers. 
High Schools for Boys. 
Property. 

Supplies and Text-Books. 
Finance. 
By-Laws and Rules. 

Additional Combined Committees 

Elementary Schools and Special Schools. 

Normal School, High Schools for Girls, and Qualification of 

Teachers, and High Schools for Boys. 
Property and Supplies and Text-Books. 



DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION 



Superintendent of Schools 

Martin G. Brumbaugh 

Chairman of Board of Superintendents 

695 City Hall 

Associate Superintendents 

696 City Hall 

Buildings and Equipment, Text-Books 

and Supplies, and School Organization William C. Jacobs. 
Teachers and School Government John P. Garber. 

Higher Schools and Courses of Study George Wheeler. 

Forms, Reports and Special Activities Oliver P. Cornman. 

Board of Examiners 

Superintendent of Schools, Chairman 

George W. Flounders, Secretary and Chief Examiner 

696 City Hall 

Directors of Special Branches 

Music Enoch W. Pearson, Hollingsworth School. 

Drawing William A. Mason, 692 City Hall. 

Household Economy Mary Wright, 694 City Hall. 

Physical Education William A. Stecher, 694 City Hall. 

Kindergartens Anna W. Williams, 692 City Hall. 

District Superintendents 

District District 
1. —William L. Welsh. 6.— Charles H. Brelsford. 

2. — Louis Nusbaum. 7. — William W. Brown. 

3. — Samuel L. Chew. 8. — Holman White. 

4. — Theo. L. MacDowell. 9. — Milton C. Cooper. 

5. — Albert H. Raub. 10. — Robert L. Burns. 



Compulsory Education Bureau 

Chief — Henry J. Gideon 

1522 Cherry Street 

Department of Medical Inspection 

Under supervision of Department of Public Health and 

Charities. 

Chief Medical Inspector — Walter S. Cornell. M. D. 

729 City Hall 

Head Nurse — E. Louise Johnson 

1522 Cherry Street 

Pedagogical Library 

Librarian — Ada F. Liveright 

696 City Hall 

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS 

Superintendent of Buildings 

2242 Land Title Building 

2 Assistants to Superintendent. 

1 Superintendent of janitor service 

and heating plants. 

2 Assistants. 

1 Chief draughtsman, 1 assistants. 

1 Chief inspector, 4 assistants. 

1 Photographer and general assistant. 

3 Clerks. 

DEPARTMENT OF SUPPLIES 

Superintendent of Supplies 

394 City Hall 
1 Assistant superintendent. 
1 Foreman and storekeeper, one assistant. 
1 Assistants. 
3 Inspectors. 
7 Clerks. 

Open book list of some 5,000 items, enabling principals 
to make selection at will for requisition purposes. 



BOARDS OF SCHOOL VISITORS 

Forty-seven boards of school visitors, one representing 
each ward in the city, consist of seven members each, 
elected within the ward. They are organized with a presi- 
dent and a secretary, with powers as stated in the Code 
(Section 2208): 

"The boards of school visitors in each ward district shall, 
at least once every three months, visit all the public elemen- 
tary schools therein and inspect the same. They shall with- 
out delay call the attention of the board of school directors 
of the district, or its appropriate executive officer, to every 
matter requiring official action. They shall make at least 
once every three months a written report to the board of 
public education of the district, respecting the condition of 
the schools and the needs of the ward district, especially in 
regard to the number, kind, equipment and efficiency of 
the schools and school buildings." 



OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF THE BOARD 

This is the executive office for the Board of Public Edu- 
cation. The present organization is: 

A Secretary. 

An Assistant Secretary. 

6 Clerks. 

3 Stenographers. 
The assistant secretary is also assistant school solicitor. 
In this department there are three notice servers and one 
lien clerk. 

This office is the clearing house of information for all 
committees of the Board, as well as for other departments. 
The secretary or his assistant acts as secretary for all com- 
mittee meetings of the Board. 

Each year a hand book of the public schools and a 
statistical report are prepared by this office. 



FINANCES 

Under the School Code the Board of Public Education 
levies an annual school tax of not less than five nor more 
than six mills on the dollar of the total assessment of all 
property within the district. 

Permanent Loan 

It may create a permanent loan in order to purchase sites, 
or to erect, enlarge, equip, furnish, repair or rebuild, any 
school building, provided the total indebtedness incurred 
shall not exceed two per cent, of the total assessed value of 
the taxable property in the school district. 

Temporary Loan 

It may create a temporary loan of two-tenths of one per 
cent, of the total valuation of taxable property in the 
district. 

State Appropriation 

It receives a state appropriation, one-half based on the 
number of paid teachers regularly employed, and one-half 
on the number of children between the ages of six and six- 
teen residing in the district. 

School Budget 

At or before the time of levying the annual school taxes, 
the Board of Public Education must certify to the school 
controller of the district an estimate of the expenditures 
for the current fiscal year. No funds may be used for any 
other purpose than that specified, except by resolution of 
the Board of School Directors, receiving the affirmative vote 
of two-thirds of the members. 

On October 8, 1912, it was agreed that all permanent 
improvements should thereafter be provided for out of loans 
issued for said purposes, the annual revenue of the Board 
being left for maintenance and instruction. 



S 



Receipts and Expenditures for 1912. 

In 1912 the receipts from the above items amounted to: 

Taxes $7,056,598.03 

State Appropriation 963,432.58 

Temporary Loan 500,000.00 

Miscellaneous 86,9 1 2.43 



$8,606,943.04 



Disbursements: 

Salaries of Supervising Prin- 
cipals and Teachers, Ele- 
mentary Schools $3,698,044.44 

Salaries of Supervising Prin- 
cipals and Teachers, High 
Schools 842,711.01 

Salaries of Engineers and 

Janitors 442,787.21 

Administration Salaries . . 374,278.20 

Permanent Improvements 

(Sites and Buildings) . . . 1,588,767.76 

Payments on Loans 559,420.00 

Operating and all other Ex- 
penses 1,052,582.80 



$8,558,591.42 

Cost per Pupil 

(Based on average number belonging) 

Maintenance Instruction Total 

Elementary schools $4.57 $22.07 $26.64 

Higher schools 1 7.02 77.90 94.92 

High and elementary 5.35 25.57 30.92 

Evening schools 75 8.84 9.59 

Playgrounds 27 .43 .70 

School gardens 3.01 9.09 1 2. 1 



PHYSICAL PLANT 

In the school district of Philadelphia there are: 

292 Elementary school buildings. 
1 6 Buildings rented for elementary schools. 

7 High school buildings. 
1 High school annexes. 

The Superintendent of Buildings must be an engineer or 
architect of good standing. He must submit all plans of 
buildings and repairs to the Superintendent of Schools for 
criticism. 

All phases of work that enter into the preparation of 
plans, designs, specifications, and details, and the super- 
intendence of all construction in connection with the erec- 
tion of new buildings, the repair, alteration, and additions 
to old buildings, and the installation of equipment, devolve 
upon the Department of Buildings. Under this department 
is placed also the examination of all applicants for the 
position of janitors, janitors' assistants, engineers, and fire- 
men, the appointment of the successful candidates, and the 
maintenance and care of all school buildings and school 



School Buildings 

Under the School Code of 1911 (Section 622): "All 
school buildings two or more stories high hereafter erected 
or leased in any school district of the first class in this 
Commonwealth shall be of fire-proof construction." All 
doors of entrance into any building, class-room, or cloak- 
room, must be made to open outward. 

Within the last five years thirty-four new elementary 
school buildings have been erected, at an average cost of 
$200,000 per building. Each of these buildings is of fire- 
proof construction, and contains mechanical systems of 
heating and ventilation, assuring thirty cubic feet of fresh 
air per minute per pupil. 



10 



All buildings erected within the last two years contain 
humidifying systems, whereby the air is washed before pass- 
ing over the heaters and fans. 

The standard size of class-rooms is 24 x 30 feet, with a 
clear ceiling height of 1 3 feet, 6 inches. Each room is 
lighted by unilateral lighting to the proportion of one 
square foot of glass to each three and one-half square feet of 
floor space. Assembly rooms are formed by means of 
throwing together from three to five class-rooms on each 
floor. 



FREE TEXT-BOOKS AND SUPPLIES 

"The system of providing free text-books for the children 
is almost a century old in America, having been inaugurated 
by Philadelphia in 1618." — Report on Public School Systems 
in 48 States, Russell Sage Foundation. 

Pennsylvania is one of twelve states which have free 
text-books throughout the public elementary schools, and in 
most cases in the high schools as well. 

The effect in Philadelphia not only of free text-books 
but of free supplies as well has been conclusively shown, 
in prolonging the school life of the child, in making the 
adoption of new text-books easier, in securing the uniformity 
of books, and in lowering the cost of school books to the 
community. 



Cost of Free Text-Books and Supplies per Pupil: 

Higher schools $4.21 

Grammar schools 1.95 

Primary schools 85 

Kindergarten 55 

Special classes 90 



11 



DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION 

June 30, 1912 





Superintendents, 

Directors and 

Supervising 

Principals 


Assistants to 

Superintendents 

and Directors, 

and Teachers 


Secre- 
taries 
and 

Clerks 


Total 




Men 


Women 


Total 


Men 


Women 


Total 


Total 






16 
3 

1 

8 
76 




16 
5 
1 

8 
180 








19 

1 

16 

17 

103 


35 

47 




2 


7 

34 

250 

215 


34 

4 

306 

3928 


41 

38 

556 

4143 




55 
581 








104 


4426 






Total 


104 


106 


210 


506 


4272 


4778 


156 


5144 


Total, June 30, 1911 


103 


106 


209 


473 


4116 


4589 


131 


4929 







Examinations for teaching positions are under a board of 
examiners, consisting of the Superintendent of Schools as 
chairman and a chief examiner as secretary, assisted by 
the associate superintendents, and the principals and heads 
of departments in high schools, and the district superintend- 
ents in the elementary schools. 

Graduates from the Philadelphia Normal School or the 
Philadelphia School of Pedagogy enter the teaching corps 
on certificate. Appointments are made from the first three 
of an eligible list established for each grade or class of 
position; namely, primary, grammar, special class, evening 
school, supervising principal, high school, as well as for 
clerical assistant, attendance officer, school nurse, school 
physician, playground attendant and assistant. 

For positions in elementary schools the satisfactory com- 
pletion of a four years* course of high school or academic 
grade is required, with a two years* normal course or two 
years' practical experience as a teacher; while for high 
school positions a full college course is a preliminary re- 
quirement. 



12 



SALARY SCHEDULE 



Elementary Schools 

Minimum g^ Maximum 

Kindergarten $600 $15 $750 

Primary Grades 600 30 900 

Grammar, Men 800 50 1300 

Grammar, Women .. . 700 30 1000 
Teaching Principals: 

Primary 700 30 1100 

Unit 800 30 1300 

Supervising Principals: 

Primary 1300 30 1600 

Grammar or unit . . 2100 40 2500 



Higher Schools 



Assistant Instructor . $800 

Instructor 1250 

Assistant Professor . 1500 

Professor 2100 

Head of Department. 2600 

Principal 3500 



Men 


Women 


to $1000 


$600 to $800 


" 1450 


800 " 1050 


" 1900 


1200 " MOO 


" 2500 




M 3000 


1450 to 1650 


M 4500 


2000 M 2500 



Salaries for sewing teachers increase from $600 to $900; 
for special classes, cooking classes, and manual training, 
from $700 to $1,000, although men in shop work may 
receive $1,300. 

The regular annual increment is received during the 
first ten years of teaching, except that the increase for the 
sixth year must be recommended by the Superintendent. 

This schedule went into effect January 1, 1913, and means 
a substantial increase in all departments; $80 per year being 
added to all elementary school salaries. 



13 



TEACHERS' RETIREMENT FUND 

Since the establishment of the Retirement Fund in 1907, 
252 teachers, either from physical disability or through 
age and service, have availed themselves of its privilege. 

The Retirement Board has accumulated in the permanent 
invested fund the sum of over $523,269.95. This Board is 
made up of three members of the Board of Public Education, 
one member of the Department of Superintendence, and one 
teacher. 

All teachers in service under ten years pay to this fund 
annually one per cent, of their salaries. Those in service 
ten years or more, two per cent, of their salaries, no pay- 
ment to exceed $50 per year. The Board of Public Educa- 
tion appropriates annually $50,000 to this fund. 

Teachers who have reached the age of sixty years may 
retire on a full annuity of 50% of their last annual salary 
after thirty years of service, and those under sixty years of 
age after establishing disability. Partial annuities are also 
granted for disability. No annuities shall exceed $1,000 
per year. 



LEWIS ELKIN FUND 

The Lewis Elkin Fund is a memorial fund established in 
1903, which furnishes an annuity of $400 to about two 
hundred beneficiaries. 

Those who receive its benefit are unmarried women who 
have taught regularly in the public day schools of Phila- 
delphia for at least twenty-five years, who are physically 
incapacitated for work, and whose income does not exceed 
$300. 



14 



NORMAL TRAINING SCHOOLS 

Girls' Normal School 

In 1879 the Board of Public Education established a 
normal course for girls as an additional year to their high 
school training. In 1893 this course was extended to two 
years and a separate school was established. 

At present this school contains 44 teachers and 700 
pupils. Connected with the Normal School are three schools 
of practice, and besides the regular work in these schools, 
two months of continuous teaching in outside schools is 
required before graduation. 

In addition to the regular normal course a kindergarten 
course and a two years* evening course for playground 
teachers have been organized. 



School of Pedagogy 

For the training of young men as teachers the School of 
Pedagogy, established in 1891, gives a full two years* course, 
in addition to the regular four years* work in the high 
school. There are at present 86 pupils enrolled in this 
school, and under a recent arrangement each pupil has two 
months of continuous teaching in the School of Practice 
before completing his course. 



Additional Facilities 

©utside of the school system there are ample additional 
facilities for teachers to secure broader training. From 600 
to 700 teachers are annually enrolled in the special courses 
of the University of Pennsylvania, while Temple University 
enrolls over 300. The majority of those who appear for 
the supervising principal's examination in Philadelphia have 
already taken their college degree. 



15 



HIGH SCHOOLS 

There are seventeen buildings in Philadelphia used for 
high school instruction. Of these four are regularly or- 
ganized high schools for boys, and three for girls, while 
ten are annexes, of which four are used as district high 
schools in the outlying sections of Germantown, Kensington, 
and Frankford. 

The regularly established high schools are: 

Established Teacher* Pupils Annexes 

Central High School (boys) . . 1838 102 2249 3 

High School for Girls 1 848 107 2231 3 

Northeast High School (boys) . 1 890 54 1 1 89 1 

Southern High School (boys) . 1907 41 813 1 

Wm. Penn High School (girls). 1909 145 3127 2 

W. Phila. High School (boys) .1912 39 903 

W. Phila. High School (girls) .1912 31 83 1 

Since March 12, 1912, all high schools in Philadelphia 
have become composite high schools, with full four year 
courses in manual training and commercial departments, as 
well as the usual academic work. In three of the schools 
promotion by subject has recently been introduced. 

The following scholarships were awarded last year: 

University of Pennsylvania 108 

Bryn Mawr 18 

Jefferson Medical College 4 

Lehigh University 4 

Swarthmore 7 

School of Industrial Art 61 

Academy of the Fine Arts 60 

School of Design for Women 40 

Cornell University 13 

Harvard University 3 

Princeton University 2 

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. . 7 

Medico-Chirurgical I 

Hahnemann Medical College 1 

Simon Muhr (various colleges) .... 11 



J6 



THE TRADES SCHOOL 

The Philadelphia Trades School was established in Oc- 
tober, 1906, and was the first trades school in the United 
States to be organized as a part of the public school system. 

The aim of the school is the education of artisans rather 
than the mere teaching of trades. It does not propose to 
develop finished tradesmen, but to lay a foundation in the 
building and machinery trades. 

Courses in the day school cover a period of three years 
and include instruction in the following branches: 

English grammar and composition, history of indus- 
tries, commercial correspondence, commercial law, and 
bookkeeping. 

Mathematics, including arithmetic, mensuration, al- 
gebra, geometry and trigonometry. 

Physics, electricity and magnetism, the study of 
materials and industrial chemistry. 

Drawing, free hand, design, mechanical and archi- 
tectural. 

Shop work, including general wood and metal work 
in the first year, and special work in the trade selected 
in the second and third year. 

Half of the time of the student is spent in shop work and 
half in the study of the related branches. 

The faculty consists of 14 teachers, and 264 pupils are 
enrolled in the following trades: 

Carpentry 13 

Architectural drafting 22 

Mechanical drafting 40 

Electrical construction 112 

Pattern making 9 

Printing 9 

Preparatory classes 59 

Total 264 

17 



EVENING TRADES SCHOOLS 

Number I — Twelfth and Locust Streets. 
Number 2 — Howard Street below Girard Avenue. 

Co-operative and continuation classes in session from 
7.30 to 9.30 five evenings in the week, with courses in 
arithmetic, algebra, physics, bricklaying, carpentry, pattern 
making, plastering, electrical construction and wiring, 
architectural and mechanical drafting, house and sign paint- 
ing, plumbing, printing and sheet metal working. 

Over 1,000 men are in attendance in the evening classes 
in the main building and the annex, special work being 
developed in plumbing and sheet metal work. 

In these classes each pupil is regularly at work at the 
trade during the day. Active co-operation between the 
trade in the city and the school is offered, and the work 
in the school is part of the apprenticeship agreement. 



PUBLIC INDUSTRIAL ART SCHOOL 

Established in 1 880, in order to provide a method of 
elementary art education and manual training that would 
be complementary to the regular school curriculum, the 
Public Industrial Art School offers courses in drawing, 
designing, clay modeling, wood carving, with special fea- 
tures such as a systematic sequence of classes, correlation 
of subjects, memory work and real nature study. All pupils 
take all branches in rotation, in order to secure co-ordina- 
tion and manipulative dexterity. 

Grammar grade pupils attend two hours per week during 
school time, permission being granted for this purpose on 
the request of their parents, by the principals of the schools 
to which they belong. The course extends through two 
years. 

On January 1, 1913, the faculty numbered 13 and the 
number of pupils enrolled was 1,373. 



IB 



ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 

On January 1, 1913, there were in the Philadelphia 
system: 

220 Elementary school organizations. 

292 Buildings. 

3,718 Divisions. 

170,699 Pupils. 

3,765 Grade teachers. 

Daily sessions are from 9 A. M. to 12 M., and from 1.30 
to 3.30 P. M., with 15 minutes for recess in each session. 

The types of elementary schools have recently been re- 
organized, so that there are today but three types: the pri- 
mary, the grammar, and the unit school, the latter con- 
taining all grades up to the high school. 

Besides the regular grade work the elementary schools 
maintain departmental work, manual training centers, cook- 
ing centers, open-air classes, special classes for backward 
children, special disciplinary classes, kindergartens, organ- 
ized playgrounds, social centers and school lunches. Types 
of these may be found by referring to the directory, page 37. 



KINDERGARTENS 

The first kindergartens in this city were established by 
the Sub-Primary Society in 1879, and were assumed by the 
Board of Public Education as a regular part of the school 
system in 1 886. 

On January 1, 1913, there were 9,100 children on roll, 
with an average attendance of over 7,000. Kindergarten 
teachers numbered 241, with an average number belonging 
of 3 7 children per teacher. There are at present 243 public 
kindergartens in Philadelphia. 

Sessions: 201 Morning kindergartens, 9 A. M. to 12 M. 
42 Afternoon kindergartens, 1 to 4 P. M. 



19 



EVENING SCHOOLS 

The first evening school in Philadelphia was opened in 
1850. There are at present: 
4 High Schools. 
2 Trades Schools. 
1 8 Elementary Schools. 
24 Principals. 
381 Teachers. 

Cost, per pupil, based on number belonging, $9.59. 
Cost, per pupil, based on average attendance, $16.03. 
Sessions, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, 7.30 to 
9.30 P. M. 

Nearly three-fourths of the elementary school enroll- 
ment are foreign born. In the high and trades schools con- 
ditions are reversed, only about one-eighth of the enroll- 
ment being foreign born. 

In the evening high schools stenography, typewriting, 
bookkeeping, etc., are in greatest demand; drawing has an 
important place with the men, and household economy with 
the women. Academic studies, such as language, history, 
literature, economics, are taken by less than one-quarter 
of the pupils. Vocational work is by far the most attrac- 
tive. 

The aim of the evening schools has been to increase 
steady attendance. For this purpose a registration fee of 
50 cents in the elementary and one dollar in the high schools 
has been required, though this deposit is returned to all 
who attend two-thirds of the sessions. The effect has been 
to lower the registration slightly, but greatly to increase 
the average attendance. 





Total 
Registration 


Average 
Attendance 


Per Cent, of Attendance 
upon Registration 


Schools 


1911 


1912 


1911 


1912 


1911 


1912 


High 


5006 

1657 

12793 


4813 
1331 
8323 


2400 

385 

3393 


2520 

395 

3537 


47.9 
39.5 
25.7 


52.1 
51 1 




42 6 








19456 


14467 


6178 


6452 













20 



SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 

These pupils are organized in classes small enough to 
secure individual instruction, and special attention is given 
to manual training and other corrective activities. 

Backward Children 

The first school for backward children in Philadelphia was 
established through the cooperation of interested citizens 
in 1899. It was taken over by the school system in 1901. 

As the result of a careful investigation of 217 cases 
selected from over 1,200 cases reported by a committee on 
backward children in 1910, the special classes for this group 
have received largely increased attention since that time. 
Additional classes have been established, more careful medi- 
cal inspection and treatment is undertaken, and the most 
improved forms of special care, including a large amount 
of hand work, are provided. 

The report of the Superintendent for the year ending 
1910 shows thirty-four classes with an enrollment of 608 
children, that for 1911 shows forty-five such classes with 
799 children, while at present there are fifty-six classes 
with 1,064 pupils. 

More than half of all the backward classes are below the 
third grade; practically none are for grammar grade pupils. 
The number of pupils from eight to thirteen years old is 
approximately equal for each year. 

Disciplinary Classes 

The statistics of age and grade distribution reported by 
the special committee on backward children in 1910 show 
that 95.3% of the boys in the disciplinary classes were 
over age for grade, and that of 177 boys thirteen years of 
age or older, not one had reached the seventh grade. 

During that year twenty-one classes were organized for 
truants and so-called incorrigible pupils, with an enrollment 
of 486. In 1912 there were thirty disciplinary classes 
with 626 pupils. 



21 



MEDICAL INSPECTION 

Organization: 

A Director. 
5 Supervisors. 
58 Inspectors. 

1 Head Nurse. 
22 Assistant Nurses. 

Medical inspection of the public schools in Philadelphia 
is conducted according to the provisions of the School Code, 
namely, under the Department of Public Health and Chari- 
ties, with expense of maintenance by the Board of Public 
Education. 

The corps of school nurses is entirely under the Board 
of Public Education, but because of the necessity of close 
co-operation with the inspectors it receives professional 
instructions from the Director of Medical Inspection. 

The assistant inspectors give the three morning school 
hours each day to the work, a total of 200 school days of 
three hours each. The supervisors give their mornings 
and certain time in the afternoon. 

The assignment of medical inspectors on this basis gives 
one inspector for 3,200 school population, and one nurse 
for 3,000 school population. The budget (approximately 
$69,000) shows expenditures of 38 cents per annum per 
child. 

The report of the department for 1912 shows: 

Pupils sent to inspectors by teachers 98,1 71 

Routine physical examinations 11 1,854 

Physical defects recommended for treatment.. 138,092 

Proportion of physical defects corrected 45% 

Vaccinations performed 2,3 1 2 

Schools disinfected 335 

Children at clinic for mentally deficient 188 

Children placed in open-air classes 129 

School janitors (applicants physically examined). 32 

High School students, competitors in athletic 

games specially examined 95 



Oral Hygiene 

As early as 1910 Philadelphia obtained an appropriation 
from City Councils to equip a municipal dental dispensary. 
A corps of 200 dentists volunteered for this service, and 
a clinic with three chairs was opened in City Hall. This 
formed the first dental dispensary created by a municipal 
government in this country. 

Following this movement, the Board of Public Education 
arranged for dental inspection in the schools, and recently 
three dental clinics, with a service of twelve dentists, have 
been established in the Southwark, Peirce and Hanna 
Schools, the equipment in some cases having been furnished 
by interested citizens. 

Care of Defectives 

In the school census of 1912, 965 children were enume- 
rated who did not attend school because of physical or 
mental disability. This number included: blind, 53; 
crippled, 180; deaf, 50; backward, 48; epileptic, 83; tu- 
bercular, 75; speech defects, 172; other defects, 374. 

Besides the special treatment accorded the deaf in the 
state school at Mt. Airy, and the blind in the state school 
at Overbrook, the tubercular and anaemic are cared for 
in three open-air classes, and an experiment is being tried 
in an open-window class for normal children. 

Psychological Clinic 

A psychological clinic is held daily at the University of 
Pennsylvania for the examination of exceptional children 
brought there by principals and teachers and school nurses. 
After careful psychological analysis, this clinic gives diag- 
nosis of conditions and suggestions for treatment, which are 
followed up by the Social Service Department. 

23 



COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE 

Bureau organized, 1897. Reorganized, 1911. 
A Chief of Bureau. 

1 Assistant. 
38 Attendance officers. 
5 Clerks in central office, one in each district 
office. 
1 District offices, with one head officer and two or 
three assistants, in the same buildings with the 
superintendents of each of the ten school 
districts. 
Functions 

Enforcing school attendance between the ages of 8 and 
1 4, and between 1 4 and 1 6 unless the child be legally 
employed. 

Issuance of employment certificates. Working papers 
may be issued to those between 1 4 and 1 6 years of age who 
can read and write and who have secured regular lawful 
employment. 

Enumeration of school children by means of a census 
taken in June of each year. 

The school census for 1912 shows: 

Enrolled in School Not Enrolled 

Public schools 181,087 Employed 13,742 

Private schools .. . 7,692 Not employed . . 20,909 

Parochial schools . . 60,903 

Total 34,65 1 



Total 249,682 

Grand total, 284,333. 

Out of 23 1 cases prosecuted by the Bureau of Compulsory 
Education during the fall term of 1912, 22 cases paid costs 
and fines; 182, costs only; 16 were committed to gaol, 
3 discharged, and 8 withdrawn. 

Besides these regular investigations of the Bureau, special 
inquiries have been made in regard to the kinds of employ- 
ment and wages received by the 13,742 boys and girls who 
are employed in the city, and of the defective children of 
school age not enrolled in school. 

"The Bureau of Compulsory Education deals with almost 
every phase of parental incompetency and juvenile delin- 
quency. It comes in contact with homes on or below the 
poverty line, and its function is essentially that of social 
service." — Report of the President of The Board of Public 
Education, 1911. 

24 



Special Branches 

MUSIC 

Director appointed, 1897. 

Present organization: 
A Director. 
I 8 Assistants. 
2 Special Teachers. 

In the elementary schools five twelve-minute periods per 
week are devoted to this subject in each class-room, under 
the immediate instruction of the grade teachers. Each class 
is visited by a supervisor once in five or six weeks. 

In the higher schools the sixty minutes a week devoted 
to the subject is given in a single period. In most of the 
boys* schools the work is handled with the pupils en masse, 
and in the girls' schools, in divisions. In the Normal School 
for Girls and in the School of Pedagogy the work includes 
normal instruction and practice and observation work for 
the pupil teachers. 

In the boys* high school the weekly work is done by 
resident teachers. In the girls' high schools, Normal School 
and School of Pedagogy, the work is carried on by the 
assistants to the Director and two special teachers. 

Assistants are chosen from an eligibility list, established 
by examination which embraces: 

1 . Written work in applied acoustics, elements of 

notation, harmony, history of music, litera- 
ture of music, elements of form, physiology 
of the voice, and principles of singing. 

2. Vocal sight reading in diatonic work. 

3. Vocal sight reading in chromatic work. 

4. Written work in the principles of teaching. 

5. Oral work. 

The special activities of the Department of Music embrace 
the organization and fostering of school glee clubs and or- 
chestras, assisting with the music at various parents' meet- 
ings, Home and School League meetings, and with the music 
at many public and semi-public functions. 



25 



DRAWING 

Director appointed, 1 892. 
Present organization: 

A Director. 

1 Assistants. 

The instruction in the elementary schools is given by 
grade teachers, supervised and instructed by the Director 
and his assistants. One hour and three-quarters per week 
is devoted to this subject in each class. 



MANUAL TRAINING 

Philadelphia was among the first cities in America to 
introduce manual training into her public high schools, 
the first manual training high school being established here 
in 1885. 

Hand work was first introduced into the elementary 
schools in the James Forten Elementary Manual Training 
School in 1891, and in more recent years manual training 
courses have been established for the boys parallel to the 
work in cooking and sewing for the girls. 

Besides the hand work in grades one to six, ten shop 
centers for boys in the seventh and eighth grades have been 
organized, and the Board of Public Education has recently 
authorized eleven additional centers, so as to make it pos- 
sible for every seventh and eighth grade boy to have access 
to complete shop practice. 

The shop work in the elementary schools is in no sense 
trade training, but is pre-vocational in character, and tends 
to give the boy a new form of expression for his thought 
through his hands. But the work is so practical that many 
boys have received for it advanced standing as trade ap- 
prentices. 



26 



HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY 

Organization: 

A Director. 
I Assistant. 
Domestic science — 3 1 teachers, 298 classes, 7,690 

pupils. 
Sewing — 106 teachers; pupils, all girls from third 

to eighth year inclusive. 

Domestic Science is taught in the girls' high schools, and 
in 28 cooking centers in the elementary schools. Pupils 
from the sixth grade attend one day each week, though 
the Board is arranging to extend this work through the 
seventh and eighth grades. 

The teaching of the structure and use of the coal range 
is a special feature. Pupils are supplied with lesson leaf- 
lets containing all recipes used, which they are allowed to 
keep. 

Applicants for positions as domestic science teachers must 
present a diploma from a normal training school in domestic 
science, maintaining a two years' course. 

Sewing is taught to all girls in the Normal and high 
schools, and from the third to the eighth year in the ele- 
mentary schools. The instruction in the elementary schools 
is given in the regular classes by special teachers who visit 
the schools one hour per week. 

Pattern making is taught in all grades from the third to 
the eighth. The making of useful articles and garments 
begins in the third year and continues through the course. 
All work in the elementary schools is hand work. In the 
high schools machine sewing is introduced. 

In the elementary schools and the high schools the pur- 
pose of the work both in domestic science and in sewing 
is to increase the efficiency of the pupil as a home maker. 
In no case is it intended to be trade work. 



27 



PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Department organized under a director in 1907. 
Present organization: 

A Director. 

1 2 Assistants to the director who supervise the work 

in the elementary schools. 
27 Teachers of physical training in the higher 
schools. 
2 Supervisors, 3 assistant supervisors, and 236 tea- 
chers and janitors in the vacation play- 
grounds. 
1 Teachers and janitors in the all-year playgrounds. 
1 Supervisor and 20 teachers of swimming. 
1 Supervisory committee on athletics, consisting 
of 7 men teachers, assisted by Alumni As- 
sociations, Grammar School Athletic League, 
Home and School Associations, principals 
and teachers. 

Teachers of physical training are graduates from physi- 
cal training normal schools. Teachers in playgrounds are 
class teachers who have attended play courses given by 
the Board of Public Education, and must present a play- 
ground certificate granted by the Board after a two years' 
night course in the Normal School and School of Pedogogy. 

In the elementary schools there are equipped yards, play- 
rooms, basements and school-roorns. Schools near public 
playgrounds under the control of the City Board of Recrea- 
tion use these grounds for competitive games and for regular 
gymnastic work. For swimming, conveniently located public 
bathhouses are used. 

All high schools have gymnasiums, and the boys' high 
schools have thoroughly equipped athletic fields controlled 
by the schools. 

Physical training is compulsory in all the elementary 
schools and optional in the higher schools. 



In the 249 elementary schools with 181,000 pupils, ten 
special teachers of physical training assist and supervise 
the work of the regular class teachers. The work consists 
of free exercises, dancing steps, field work and games. 

In the eight higher schools, with 10,300 pupils, twenty- 
two teachers of physical training have direct charge of the 
classes. This work consists of free exercises, apparatus 
exercises, dancing steps, field work and games. 

In the evening schools with playrooms (five elementary 
schools and one high school) twelve special teachers are 
assigned to the work which consists of free exercises, 
dancing steps, and games. 

The text-books used in the elementary schools are "Hand- 
book of Lessons in Physical Training," "Games and Dances," 
"Track and Field Work." 

ATHLETICS 

All inter-school athletic contests are under the direction 
of a supervisory committee of athletics, approved by the 
Superintendent of Schools. In the elementary schools they 
are directed by principals and teachers of the school, and 
under the auspices of the Grammar School Athletic League. 

Inter-school meets are held in soccer, base ball, swimming, 
captain ball, indoor and outdoor exercises. Sectional field 
days are also held, and a combined field day once a year, 
where over 5,000 boys and girls are under review. 

In the boys' high schools, under the direction of the 
teachers of physical training, meets are held in track and 
field athletics and swimming. Inter-school meets are held 
for indoor and outdoor track and field work, base ball, foot 
ball, and soccer, and in swimming, cross country races, and 
rowing. 

Under the direction of physical training teachers and a 
corps of volunteer leaders, walking trips for teachers and 
their friends are held every Saturday afternoon through the 
year. The average attendance is between 150 and 200, 
and the maximum attendance so far, 552. 



29 



SWIMMING CENTERS 

For ten weeks, during the summer, ten swimming centers 
are open, with twenty paid teachers, one man and one 
woman at each pool. Swimming is taught to pupils finishing 
the fourth grade. 

The examination test is the ability to swim a correct 
stroke twenty minutes. 

During 1912, 2,791 children were enrolled. 



PLAYGROUNDS 

Vacation playgrounds were established in the schools in 
1895, when four school-yards were opened. At present 
there are thirteen playgrounds organized under the direc- 
tion of the Board of Recreation, a department of the city 
government, while three playgrounds and three camps are 
maintained by the Playgrounds Association. 

Five school yards with paid supervisors, and fifty yards 
with unpaid supervisors are open after school, on Saturdays, 
and other school holidays, with one teacher and a janitor 
in each yard. The exercises consist in play on apparatus, 
swings, giant strides, teeter boards, rings, ladders, in gym- 
nastics and team games. 

In addition to these, the Fairmount Park Commission 
maintains constantly many public playgrounds, base ball 
fields and tennis courts. 

During July and August of 1912, 91 vacation playgrounds 
were open six days per week, from 8 to 5.15, with 238 paid 
teachers and janitors. These yards were each under the 
direction of one principal, one or more teachers and one 
janitor. All activities are led by trained playground teach- 
ers, with song games, gymnastic games, songs and stories, 
apparatus work and constructive hand work. 



30 



SCHOOL GARDENS 

Established, 1904. 
Present organization: 
A Supervisor. 

9 Principals. 

2 Assistants. 

7 Home Garden Teachers. 

5 Gardeners. 

Statistical Report, 1912. 

Regular school gardens 9 

Individual plot holders 827 

Visiting classes to gardens 120 

Visits made by visiting classes 897 

Gross attendance of plot holders and volunteers. 58,284 

Gross attendance of visiting classes 34,451 

Gross attendance in the gardens 92,735 

Classes supplied with material for nature work 
and drawing: 

Kindergarten 309 

Elementary 913 

High and Normal .... 71 

1,293 

Visitors to the gardens: 

Normal School students .... 679 

Other visitors 583 

1,262 

Packets of seed distributed to home, grade and 

kindergarten gardens 1 2,780 

Young plants distributed to home, grade and 

kindergarten gardens 26,249 

In the school gardens each class of children receives 
lessons in nature study or elementary agriculture, and does 
practical garden work. The work is conducted not only 
in the larger gardens, but all children are encouraged to 
make their own gardens at home. These home gardens re- 
ceive regular inspection from the teachers. 



31 



SOCIAL CENTERS 

Under Section 627 of the School Code, "Any board of 
school directors may make such arrangements as it may see 
proper with any association or individual for the temporary 
use of school property for schools, playgrounds, social, 
recreation, or other proper educational purposes." 

In Philadelphia such use of school houses has had a 
marked development in recent years. The buildings are used 
by alumni societies, by Home and School Associations, and 
for parents* meetings, as well as for neighborhood gather- 
ings. 

The first definite social center in the schools was opened 
in the Agnew School, 1 1th and Cherry Streets, January 22, 
1 907, through the co-operation of the principal of the school 
with volunteer associations. Classes in wood work, brass 
work, basketry, and in gymnastics, sewing and music were 
conducted, and a musical entertainment, illustrated lecture, 
or other special attraction was given monthly. 

Other social centers somewhat similar in character have 
been established from time to time under various auspices, 
the Board of Public Education co-operating by furnishing 
the building, the light, heat and janitor service. 
In 1912 there were: 

Social Centers 10 

Paid workers 50 

Volunteers 150 

Sessions held 164 

Classes conducted 52 

Total average attendance per 
session: 

Adults 105 

Children ... 1,650 

1,755 

During 1912, the Board of Recreation, a department of 
the city government, agreed to finance the development of 
social centers in the schools, in co-operation with and under 
the supervision of the school system. 



38 



PUBLIC LECTURES 

Since 1899 free lectures have been given in the Central 
High School, and more recently in other high schools and 
elementary schools in the city. In most cases the lectures 
are given by members of the faculty of the schools. In 
1910 the Board of Public Education authorized the expendi- 
ture of a small sum out of the evening school item for 
public lectures. 

During last year a committee of the Teachers' Association 
carried out a program of free evening lectures in some of 
the elementary school buildings. These lectures were given 
mostly in the foreign quarters, and dealt with sanitation 
and hygiene, with some instruction in the elements of local 
government and good citizenship. Leaflets containing the 
essentials of the lectures printed in both English and foreign 
languages were distributed to the audiences at the close of 
each lecture. 

The report of lectures for 1911 shows: 
Lecture centers, 

High schools 4 

Elementary schools .... 22 

Lectures given 129 

Total attendance 31,570 

Average attendance, 

per lecture 244 

Total cost $646.02 

Average cost per lecture. . 5.07 

Average cost per auditor . . .02 

Subjects 
Sanitation and hygiene 1 9 lectures 

Philadelphia 25 

Civics for foreigners. . 25 
General (principally 

local government) . 57 
In addition to these lectures in the school buildings, the 
municipal Commercial Museum offers daily illustrated lec- 
tures on commerce and travel, which are attended by entire 
classes and schools. 



33 



LIBRARIES 

In addition to the departmental libraries in the various 
high schools and in the Normal School, a bequest of Stephen 
Girard grants an annuity to the school libraries in the old 
City of Philadelphia. 

In the elementary schools the libraries consist largely of 
books on the supply list, which are used for supplementary 
reading. 

The Board of Public Education also established in 1 883 in 
its office, 696 City Hall, a complete Pedagogical Library. 
This library contains today between 12,000 and 13,000 
bound volumes, selected with special care for their direct 
bearing on educational thought. Besides these there are 
thousands of copies of pamphlets and complete sets of school 
reports from various important cities. 

This Pedagogical Library does not duplicate the work of 
the public library system, but puts in organized form the 
reading of the teaching body for definite educational pur- 
poses. 

For some years this library has contained a most complete 
collection of educational lantern slides. These slides, which 
are a direct aid to the teaching of geography, literature, 
history, and science, are sent from school to school by an 
organized system of exchange, and receive constant addi- 
tions on request of the teachers. Over fifty schools are 
equipped with lanterns, and some with moving picture 
machines. 

PERIODICALS 

"The Teacher," a monthly periodical of thirty-six pages, 
devoted to the interests of the school system of Philadelphia, 
is edited and published by school superintendents, principals, 
and teachers. 

School papers are published monthly by students in all 
of the higher schools and twenty-seven of the elementary 
schools. 



U 



SCHOOL LUNCHES 

In High Schools 

In 1912 a complete system of school lunches was organ- 
ized in the higher schools under the Board of Public Edu- 
cation. 

This department includes: 

A Director. 
1 5 Assistant directors. 
60 Paid helpers. 
125 Student volunteers each day. 

Each of the fifteen high schools is in charge of one of the 
assistant directors, who are trained dieticians and graduates 
in domestic science, and all are under the supervision of the 
director, who does the buying for the entire system. A corps 
of 125 students, varying from day to day, volunteer as 
waiters, and each receives a ten cent luncheon check in 
return for this service. 

Fuel, light, power and equipment are furnished by the 
Board of Public Education, and the receipts from the lunches 
cover not only the cost of the food, but the salaries of the 
staff as well. 

Only wholesome, nourishing food is provided, and menus 
are arranged with direct regard to healthfulness and food 
values. Such combinations are offered that for a very small 
cost an ideal meal containing the correct food ingredients 
can be purchased. 

Under this system over 10,000 students each day are able 
to obtain a nutritious and appetizing luncheon at a cost not 
exceeding ten cents, and in many cases for four or five 
cents. A table d' hote lunch is served to members of the 
faculty at a cost of fifteen cents. 



35 



In Elementary Schools 

As early as 1894 school lunches were served as an experi- 
ment in two of the elementary schools. In 1907 this service 
was reorganized. A committee of public spirited citizens 
undertook to put the work on an improved basis, and a 
superintendent was employed to organize the work in var- 
ious schools. 

At present the lunches are served through the efforts of 
various philanthropic associations co-operating with the 
schools. A committee, consisting of representatives from all 
the organizations interested in school feeding and from 
various departments within the school system, has super- 
visory control. 

The attempt is made to make the lunches sold within the 
buildings so attractive that the itinerant venders of un- 
wholesome foods may find no purchasers. As 60% of the 
pupils are found to spend at least a penny a day, it is esti- 
mated that these venders of questionable food in the past 
hove sold approximately $200,000 worth each year. 

Under the present organization lunches are served in nine 
of the elementary schools, at a cost of five, three, and in 
many cases of one cent each. Over 50% of the children in 
these schools benefit by the system, and the direct physio- 
logical effect proves them to be one of the most helpful 
constructive policies for the protection of the health of 
school children. 

With the co-operation of the Psychological Clinic of the 
University of Pennsylvania, certain measurements were 
taken of groups of children taking school lunches and also 
of groups of children not fed. There was a marked physical 
gain shown and moreover the effect was seen in an improve- 
ment in lesson and conduct averages of the children who 
were given lunches. 



36 



DIRECTORY 



TYPICAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS 

EASY OF ACCESS 

Higher Schools 

Philadelphia Normal School (girls), 13th and Spring Garden Sts. 
Central High School (boys), Broad and Green Sts. 
Girls' High School, 17th and Spring Garden Sts. 
Northeast High School (boys), 8th St. and Lehigh Ave. 
Southern High School (boys), Broad and Jackson Sts. 
William Penn High School (girls), 15th and Wallace Sts. 
West Phila. High School (boys), 48th and Walnut Sts. 
West Phila. High School (girls), 48th and Walnut Sts. 

Elementary Schools 

Regular Grade Work 

Hollingsworth, Locust bel. 1 5th. Landreth, 23d and Federal Sts. 

Claghorn, 17th and Susquehanna. Northeast, Lawrence and Race. 

McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Wyoming, 6th and Fairmount. 

Newton, 38th and Spruce Sts. Hawthorne, 12th and Fitzwater. 

Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. Madison, Newmarket and Green. 

Departmental Work 

McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Blaine, 30th and Norris Sts. 
Baldwin, 16th and Porter Sts. Widener, 13th and Thompson. 

Dunlap, 51st and Race Sts. Campbell, 8th and Fitzwater Sts. 

Wyoming, 6th St. and Fairmount Ave. 

Manual Training Centers 

McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. 

Meade, 18th and Oxford Sts. Forten, 6th, above Lombard St. 

Durham, 1 6th and Lombard Sts. Reynolds, 20th and Jefferson Sts. 
Hancock, 12th and Fairmount. Hawthorne, 12th and Fitzwater. 

The higher schools. 



37 



Cooking Centers 

Baldwin, 1 6th and Porter Sts. McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. 

Durham, 16th and Lombard Sts. Wyoming, 6th and Fairmount. 
Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. Forten, 6th, above Lombard St. 

Open Air Classes 

McCall Annex, 6th and Spruce Sts. 

Wilson Annex, 12th and Federal Sts. 

Roof of "Lighthouse," 2d St. and Lehigh Ave. (under supervision of 

Potter School). 
Bache School, 22d and Brown Sts. (open window class). 

Special Classes for Backward Children 

Durham, 16lh and Lombard Sis. N. Liberties, 3d, below Green. 
Wood, 23d and Callowhill Sts. Wyoming, 6th and Fairmount. 

McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. Lynd, 12th and Montgomeiy. 

Special Disciplinary Classes 

Durham, 16th and Lombard Sts. McCall, 6ih and DeLancey Sts. 
Northwest, 15th and Race Sts. Lynd, 12th and Montgomery. 

Kindergartens 

Newton, Chestnut, below 36lh St. Landreth, 23d and Federal Sts. 

Wilson, 12th and Wharton Sts. Dunlap, 51st and Race Sts. 

Kendrick, 38th and Powelton. Wood, 23d and Callowhill Sts. 

Lincoln, 20th and Fairmount. Hawthorne, 12th and Fitzwater. 

Evening Schools 

Central High, Broad and Green. McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. 

William Penn, 15th and Wallace. Meade, 18th and Oxford Sts. 

S. High, Broad and Jackson Sts. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. 

N. E. High, 8th and Lehigh Ave. Durham, 1 6th and Lombard Sts. 

Trades School, 12th and Locust. Jefferson, 5th, above Poplar St. 



38 



Heating and Ventilating Plants 

William Penn, 1 5th and Wallace. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. 

W. Phila. High, 48th and Walnut. Hawthorne, 12th and Fitzwater. 

S. High, Broad and Jackson Sts. Peirce, 23d and Cambria Sts. 

N. E. High, 8th and Lehigh Ave. McCall, 6th and DeLancey Sts. 

School Playgrounds 

Hancock, 12th and Fairmount. Southwark, 8th and Mifflin Sts. 

Northwest, 15th and Race Sts. McMichael, 35th and Fairmount. 



Social Centers 

Wood, 23d and Callowhill Sts. (demonstration of housekeeping). 
Agnew, 11th and Cherry Sts. (demonstration of housekeeping). 
Durham, 16th and Lombard Sts. (colored). 

School Lunches 

Northwest, 1 5th and Race Sts. (penny lunches, 10-11; noon dinner, 

11.45-12.15). 
Durham, 1 6th and Lombard Sts. (lunch, 10-11). 
Baldwin, 15th and Porter Sts. (lunch, 10-11). 



39 



SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES 

IN AND NEAR PHILADELPHIA 

University of Pennsylvania, 34th and Walnut Sts. 

Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. (Main line of Penna. R. R., 25 

minutes from Broad St. Station.) 
Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. (Main line of Penna. R. R., 

30 minutes from Broad St. Station.) 
Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. (Maryland Central line of 

Penna. R. R., 30 minutes from Broad St. Station.) 
Temple University, Broad and Berks Sts. 
Drexel Institute, 32d and Chestnut Sts. 

Franklin Institute (evening classes only), 7th, below Market St. 
Spring Garden Institute (evening classes only), Broad and Spring 

Garden Sts. 
Girard College, Girard Ave., above 20th St. 
Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, Williamson School, 

Pa. (Maryland Central line of Penna. R. R., 45 minutes from 

Broad St. Station.) 
Glen Mills, Boys' Reform School, Glen Mills, Pa. (Maryland Cen- 
tral line of Penna. R. R., one hour from Broad St. Station.) 
Sleighton Farms, Girls' Reform School, Darlington, Pa. (Maryland 

Central line of Penna. R. R., 55 minutes from Broad St. Station.) 
Widener Memorial School (for crippled children), York Road and 

Olney Ave. 
Training School for Feeble Minded Boys and Girls, Vineland, N. J. 
Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, Overbrook, Pa. 
Home for the Training in Speech of Deaf Children, Belmont and 

Monument Ave. 
Medico-Chirurgical College, 18th and Cherry Sts. 
Jefferson Medical College, 10th and Walnut Sts. 
Hahnemann Medical College, Broad above Race Sts. 
Philadelphia Dental College, 18th and Buttonwood Sts. 



40 



PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 
CONNECTED WITH THE SCHOOLS 

Teachers' Institute, Hollingsworth School, Locust, above 
Broad Street. 
Established 1867. A social, beneficial and educational organiza- 
tion, with excellent library and club rooms. J. Myers Murray, 
President. 

Teachers' Club of Philadelphia, 1300 Spruce Street. 

An organization composed of many of the women supervisors, prin- 
cipals, and teachers of the city. Meets at the College Club. Mrs. 
Emma V. Thomas-Tindal, President. 

The Philadelphia Teachers' Association, High School for 
Girls, 1 7th and Spring Garden Streets. 
An association composed of men and women supervisors and 
teachers of the city. This association publishes the "News Letter" 
as an official organ of communication between the officers and mem- 
bers. Miss Louise Haeseler, President. 

The Schoolmen's Club of Philadelphia, 1606 Summer Street. 

A social and educational association of men superintendents, super- 
visors, principals and teachers, with an excellent club house of its own. 
Oscar Gerson, President. 

CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS 

Public Education Association, 1015 Witherspoon Building. 
Established 1881. A volunteer association, composed of over 1,000 
members, for educational research and the expression of public opinion, 
in the interests of the public school system of Philadelphia. 

Home and School League, 1522 Cherry Street. 

Established 1907. An association grouping into a general body the 
home and school associations connected with 65 of the Philadelphia 
public schools. 

The educational committees of the Civic Club, the Philomusian 
Club, and the New Century Club, also render effective service to the 
school system. 



41 



INTERESTING EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS 

The Philadelphia Commercial Museums, 34th below Spruce 
Street. 
A unique institution exhibiting collections of commercial products of 
the world, with a complete library and correspondence system, gather- 
ing facts in regard to commercial centers throughout the world. Illus- 
trated lectures are given almost daily to schools and classes which visit 
the museum for the purpose of hearing them. 

Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, Museum 
at Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park; School, Broad and 
Pine Streets. 
The school is an advanced institution for training in the applied arts, 

especially those relating to the textile industries. 

Academy of the Fine Arts, Broad and Cherry Streets. 

The Academy is a regular working school where classes in all 
forms of high art are conducted. Here are gathered a great number 
of paintings and other art expressions. 

Academy of Natural Sciences, 1 9th and Race Streets. 

Founded 1812. The oldest institution of its kind in America. It 
has large and valuable collections in its museums of natural history, 
and in its collections, its various working sections, its publications, and 
its lecture courses, it is a foremost institution of learning. 

Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 13th and Locust Streets. 
The best equipped historical society building with the most notable 
collections of this character in the country. In its spacious rooms are 
gathered a vast lot of books, periodicals, original manuscripts and docu- 
ments bearing upon our colonial and national development, together 
with a valuable collection of pictures, furniture, dishes, silverware and 
other objects of great historical value. 

Young Men's Christian Association, Central Branch, 1421 
Arch Street. 
Offering day and evening classes in 7th and 8th grade subjects and 
vocational courses in technical and professional departments. 



42 



Psychological Clinic, University of Pennsylvania. 

Open for inspection daily, 2 to 5 P. M., except Saturdays. Satur- 
days, 9 to 12. Dr. Lightner Witmer, Director. 

Board of Recreation, 587 City Hall, 

A municipal body of five persons controlling the recreation system 
of the city, appointed by the Mayor for the purpose of planning and 
establishing playgrounds and social centers. 

Playgrounds Association, 694 City Hall. 

An association of philanthropic citizens concerned in providing play 
for all the children of Philadelphia under competent and trained super- 
vision. Interest is aroused by campaigns of publicity and educational 
literature. 

Starr Garden Recreation Park, 7th and Lombard Streets. 

A model playground, gymnasium and social center, with many lines 
of activity, located in the midst of the most congested foreign district. 
Closely coordinated with the school life of the neighborhood. Open 
day and evenings, 

Happy Hollow Playground, Wayne Ave. and Logan St., Gtn. 
A fully equipped playground and recreation house in the northern 
part of the city, with recreation facilities that make it one of the finest 
play centers in the United States. Open day and evenings. 

Sherwood Recreation Park, 56th and Christian Streets. 

A model playground and gymnasium in the western part of the 
city, in a residential section that has been more recently built up. Open 
all the year, day and evening. 

Baby Saving Show, McCall School, 6th and DeLancey St». 
One of a series of neighborhood exhibitions held under the auspices 
of the Child Hygiene Committee of Philadelphia. Open here 1 to 10 
P. M., February 19th to March 1st. A new form of social education, 
condensing the exhibition of the material used at the great Baby Saving 
Show in Horticultural Hall in 1912. 



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THEWALTHER PRINTING HOUS 
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